Department
of Trades and Technology
COURSE
NUMBER: PPT219 CREDIT
HOURS: 3
COURSE TITLE: Basic
Paper Industry Process Chemistry CLOCK HOURS: 45
INSTRUCTOR: Monty
Henderson OFFICE
HOURS: As posted.
OFFICE: Room
103,
E-MAIL
ADDRESS: mhenderson@kvcc.me.edu
TEXTS:
Fogiel,
M. The Essentials of Chemistry,
Fogiel,
M. The Essentials of Organic Chemistry I,
Fogiel,
M. The Essentials of Organic Chemistry II,
Mimms,
A., M.J. Kocurek, J.A. Pyatte, E.E. Wright. (Eds) Kraft Pulping - A
Compilation of Notes (2nd Printing, Revised),
Smook,
G.M. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologist, 3rd Ed.,
Scott,
William E. Principles of Wet End Chemistry, 1st Ed.,
Handout
Materials from Instructor
PRE/CO-REQUISITES: PPT111,
PPT113, PPT115, CHE112
COURSE
DESCRIPTION:
This course begins with a thorough review
of general chemistry principles. Following this, the chemistry associated with both pulping and papermaking is examined in
depth. Kraft and sulfite pulping processes are reviewed, and as each unit
operation is examined, appropriate analytical calculations are demonstrated.
Polymer and carbohydrate chemistry are discussed prior to studying wet-end
paper machine technology. Attention is then turned to concepts and applications
of colloid chemistry to papermaking processes. The specific technology related
to sheet formation, internal sizing, wet/dry strength resins and dyestuffs is
explored. Other issues studied include foam control, pitch control, and
first-pass retention performance on a paper machine.
COURSE
OBJECTIVES:
Upon successful completion of this
course, the student should be able to:
1. describe basic
pulping chemistry as well as fundamental pulp testing procedures.
2. calculate the
quantities of pulping chemicals needed as well as other process control
parameters required in the Kraft pulping process.
3. explain
colloid chemistry as applicable to wet-end paper machine operations.
4. discuss
specific chemicals used in papermaking to enhance sheet properties.
5. resolve
papermaking problems such as foam, pitch, and insufficient first-pass retention
by applying chemical principles.
COURSE
OUTLINE (Topical):
1. Course
Introduction
Basic Chemistry Review:
Matter
and Energy - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Matter, Pure Substances, Solution
and Mixtures - Compounds and Elements - Properties of Pure Substances - Changes
of Purse Substances, Compounds, Formula Units, and Molecules - Energy and
Conservation of Energy, Measurement - English/Metric Conversion -
Dimensional Analysis
2. Basic Chemistry Review Continued:
Stoichiometry
- Formula Calculations - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table - Oxidation
and Reduction - Properties Related to the Periodic Table
3. Basic Chemistry Review Continued:
Chemical
Bonding - Secondary (Hydrogen) Bonding - Chemical Formulas - Types of Chemical
Reactions - Chemical Kinetics - Ideal Gas Laws & Calculations - Solutions -
Colligative Properties of Solutions
4. Basic Chemistry Review Continued:
Molarity,
Equivalency, and Normality - Acids and Bases - pH - Hydrolysis
5. Organic Chemistry:
Alkanes
- Alkenes - Dienes - Alkynes - Alkyl Halides - Stereochemistry/Stereoisomerism
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Aryl Halides - Ethers and Epoxides - Alcohols and
Glycols - Carboxylic Acids - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
6. Organic Chemistry Continued:
Arenes
- Aldehydes and Ketones - Amines - Phenols and Quinones - Organometallic
Compounds - Heterocyclic Compounds - Amino Acids and Proteins
7. Carbohydrate Chemistry - Nomenclature -
Forms of Monosaccharides - Reactions of Carbohydrates
Polymer
Chemistry - Overview - Addition of Polymers Condensation Polymers - Molecular
Weights of Polymers
8. The Chemistry of Kraft Pulping:
Cellulose
- Hemicellulose - Lignin - Extractives - Kraft Cooking Liquor Composition -
Reactions of Lignin - Definition of Kraft Pulping Terms - Chemical Calculations
- Analysis of Kraft Liquors
9. The Kraft Pulping Process:
Composition
of White Liquor - Liquor-to-Wood Ratio - Alkali Charge - The Cooking Cycle -
Time and Temperature - Calculation of the H-Factor - Sulfidity - Pulp
Evaluation
10. Sulfite
Pulping:
Chemistry
Overview - Analytical Considerations/Nomenclature/Definition of Terms - Sulfite
as a Cooking Liquor - Sulfite Pulping Process Description - Chemistry of
Cooking Liquor Preparation - Absorption System Reactions - Two-Stage Sulfite
Pulping
11. Paper Machine
Wet End Chemistry:
Introduction
to Wet End Chemistry - Water and Papermaking - Interfering Substances - Surface
and Colloid Science Concepts
12. Paper Machine
Wet End Chemistry Continued:
Charge
Measurement - Coloring Materials - Dry/Wet Additives - Paper Fillers
13. Paper Machine
Wet End Chemistry Continued:
Aluminum
Compounds in Papermaking - Internal Sizing - Alum-Rosin Sizing - Synthetic
Sizing Materials
14. Paper Machine
Wet End Chemistry Continued:
Colloid
Chemistry of Retention and Drainage - Wet End Chemistry Process Control